Research and development contributes to 25% yield growth in rice,
said the authors of the “Securing Rice, Reducing Poverty” book with the then
Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture
(SEARCA) Director and now National Economic and Development Authority chief
Arsenio Balisacan among the authors.
Mr. Balisacan and associates
highlighted the need for increased budget in rice R&D by closing the yield
gaps. The authors noted yield gaps in rice are attributable to weeds, pests,
and diseases, which can very well be addressed by stepping up initiatives on
rice research.
Historically, however,
research expenditure as a proportion of GDP allocation in the Philippines on
R&D has oftentimes been inferior to its neighbors.
Citing data from the 2009
World Competitiveness Yearbook, UPLB’s Prof. Teodoro Mendoza said the Philippines
allocated only 0.12% of its GDP to R&D. Malaysia and Thailand allocated
0.64% and 0.20%, respectively.
Meanwhile, a report by the
International Food Policy Research Institute based in Washington, D.C. and the
Bangkok-based Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions
notes the rather slow-paced improvement in public spending on R&D in the
Philippines relative to other countries.
In their July 2013 report,
Vietnam is reported to have increased its public spending on R&D by over
270%: from $23M in 1996 to $86M in 2008. The Philippines’s spending, on the
other hand, showed only a 3% increase from $129M in 1996 to $133M in 2008.
Consequently, using data from
the Food and Agriculture Organization, it can be said that increase in public
spending on R&D does have an impact on rice productivity.
This is true in the case of
Vietnam where rice yield dramatically increased. From 3.77 tons/ha in 1996, Vietnam’s rice
yield went up to 4.89 tons/ha in 2008, making it the second highest rice
producer in the region next only to China.
In a paper titled
“Investments in Research, Development, and Extension: Implications on TFP” by
PhilRice economists Sergio R. Francisco and Flordeliza H. Bordey, the
“pervasive and persistent underfunding in public agricultural Research
Development and Extension (RD&E)” was noted. Mr. Francisco and Ms. Bordey
wrote under investment in agricultural R&D slows down productivity.
In 2007, an external review
conducted to assess impact of PhilRice showed that farmers have benefited from
the cost-reducing and yield-enhancing technologies developed by PhilRice.
Increasing budget for rice
R&D means not just improved rice production, but also better livelihood
outcomes for the Filipino farmers, said PhilRice Executive Director Eufemio T.
Rasco Jr. (PhilRice)
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